2. In preparing your resume for the first time, all your Noteworthy performance, abilities etc may not come to your mind for projection in the resume. All that will generally come to the mind are the degrees and diplomas passed since you have the certificates issued by the authorized bodies. Sit in a calm place in a comfortable atmosphere. Many plus points and your contributions are hidden in your mind. Pull them outFrom your mind and jot down. You can highlight these things appropriately for the jobs which directly or indirectly have relevance.

3. An employer is not at all interested in which school you studied. Hence avoid giving the details of your school studies in the resume. Also avoid giving details such as date of birth, religion, your height, weight, your present emoluments, reasons for leaving the previous employment or present one or your hobbies for that matter. These things are not needed by the prospective employer.

4. If you are applying for a specific company, try to know about the company in detail. The website may give only a rosy picture about the company. Meet some employees and try to know the problems in the company. If you have bright ideas, mention the same in the covering letter as a suggestion without mentioning the problem. The top management always values such suggestions and such suggestions sometimes will kindle their enthusiasm resulting in your much awaited call for interview.

5. Do consider a bulleted style to make your resume as reader – friendly as possible.
6. People often confuse you that in resume preparation the first rule is “one -page resume rule.” Though for fresh graduates it can be followed, (there also it is not a rule) don’t become a slave to that rule. If you have a lot of experience, two pages may be more appropriate. But see that you don’t ever exceed 2 pages.

7. Please include as much contact information as possible. That is, give your mailing address, e-mail 10, residence phone number (also office phone number if not objectionable to your present employer) and mobile number to enable an employer to reach you at any point of the day.

8. It is always better to avoid the personal pronouns such as I, my, me and mine in your resume. For example, instead of writing ‘I was in charge of the entire purchase function in the_________company” simply write as “In charge of the entire purchase function of the_________company” .

9. While furnishing your experience, list it by giving full details such as position held, number of years (better to give the from – to dates) company’s name, address, etc.

It is essential to give your job experience in reverse chronological order, giving the latest job first and then the previous etc. This will help the prospective employer to know your present line of expertise. We will see the types of resume in detail in the key number 23 (Page 15 to 18)

10. Instead of simply writing that your experience is in the field of administration or production or maintenance or computer, use the powerful yet attractive terms like production specialist (or expert) maintenance specialist etc etc.

11. Computers do the initial screening in most of the companies This is done on electronically submitted resumes as well as hard copies. If you are sending hard copy of the resume take the following precautions. Send only the original copy and not photocopy. Use typefaces of Times New Roman, or Courier and not others and also point size 11 or 12. Also avoid boldfacing.

Avoid using tabular columns.

Give your name at the top of the resume. If it is electronically submitted resume, the resumes should have certain key words, that the employer usually expects for the positions applied. The key words are generally nouns related to the field of specialization. The computer will make a blind search for such key words and based on the number of such words it will either select or pass by.

12. Kindly remember that your resume will not be read word by word by the prospective employer. You may be surprised to know that the employers hardly take 10 to 20 seconds to go through one resume. Hence you have to make your resume highlighting your special qualities and achievements. It is common nowadays to give “The objective statement” suiting to the job you apply for. In fact you should not send the same resume to two different companies for different jobs. Most of the contents can be same. But the objective statement should be changed suiting to the requirements. The objective statement should simply state your areas of strengths which you can contribute in the job you apply for. In fact, you can have your resume in the P.C if you own one and if not, have your resumes saved in a C.D or floppy. You can create several versions and keep on modifying and make it most appropriate to the job you apply

13. Many job hunters use Microsoft Word resume templates and wizards. Though it is not wrong to use it, my suggestion will be to have your own design since yours should be distinctive from others.

14. While furnishing your experiences, don’t simply say “I was responsible for ……….. “Or “My duties included ……….” or “I was in charge of……….”,

Since these terms are very vague, they don’t sell well in the employment market. Use the expressions like My contributions were… .., … ….. My accomplishments were “..My interventions were… .,. … .. etc.

15. In the resume, include your positive traits. If the positive traits in you are not visible to you, think of those unsuccessful, unpunctual lazy co-workers and analyze their drawbacks. Your strengths in fact are the absence of such negative traits. Some of the traits worth mentioning are

Being punctual

Creative

Caring for minute details

Reliable.

Following systems and procedures Efficiency minded

Cost conscious

Waste control etc

16. Always mention how many people you supervised. This is a key information for the prospective employer since your man management or leadership skills will be known from this information.

17. If you have good physique and you are enjoying excellent health, without fail include it in your resume. These days many companies are becoming leaner and smarter by cutting the work force to a minimum level. You may, on an average, have to work for 10 to 12 hours daily to cope up with your work. Mention your good health and your preparedness to work long hours in contributing to the goals of the company.

18. Generally the resumes are first seen by personnel department, nowadays called as H.R (Human Resources) department. Initial screening will be done by this department. This department people may not have the in-depth knowledge of all the specialties of each job. Hence it will be necessary to avoid professional jargons and to make your resume not only short but also easy to read and understand. Always use words which have universal appeal and don’t forget to include your problem solving abilities and experiences.

19. If you have proven performance in games and sports don’t forget to mention the same in the resume. More than the skill in the particular game or sports, the employers expect that such persons will work in a team more effectively, with better drive and competitive spirit.

20. Don’t give references in the resume. They can be reserved for future correspondence once you get interview call. However, if there is space, at the end you may include a line informing as “References will be sent on request.” You must have the references ready with you. Employers nowadays not only ask the persons given in reference confidentially but also ask more than one person in the previous company you have worked or in the company presently working.

21. Don’t mention your current salary or the expected salary. Spare them for revealing during interview. If found suitable, salary is generally negotiable.

22. Once you finalist the resume, you may key in the P.C. You will do the spell check if you work in M.S. Word. But don’t depend on it fully on two counts. Primarily, the spellings in computers are American English. Most of the employers in India are conversant with British English. Secondly for some of the words keyed in wrongly P.C. will not show it on the screen.

You may go through your resume on the monitor screen itself once or twice. But that is not sufficient. Take a hard copy. Read word by word and letter by letter. Such a careful proof – reading will eliminate errors if any. Even if there is one mistake in spelling or grammar, the resume will be summarily discarded.

23. Types of resumes

There are 3 types of resumes namely.

a. Chronological Resume

b. Functional Resume

c. Combination Resume

In Chronological Resume, type your name, address and other contact details on the top of resume. Then follow the objective statement (optional), experience, education, merits, co curricular and extra curricular activities.

For people with more experience in multi functions and senior positions, functional resume can be preferred in which after your name and contact details, experience is portrayed in terms of various

functions in various capacities in various companies. The headings are generally:

Objective

Summary

Postion 1 Postion 2 Postion 3

Work experience:

From ‘” “”"”" To “”"‘” …x company

From “”"……………. To………………. y company

From………………… To………………. z company etc.

For very senior positions with very long experience a combination of both chronological and functional resumes are used. In this book we will limit to onlychronological resumes. For people with a few years of experience in a few companies, it will be better to give a reverse chronological resume. It is nothing but while giving your experiences, give the latest (or present) first and then the previous.

24. Provide only authentic information. All in formations will be verified at the time of interview or later. Suppose your marks in a particular examination are 76.5% or 76.6% don’t write as 77%. You should not round it off to a higher digit. Also don’t just write the number of people supervised as a high number than you actually supervise I supervised. You may think you can impress by over projecting yourself. But on verification, if found wrong, you might not get an offer even if you are found fit for their job.

25. When you start your job hunting, you generally prepare your resume. It should not have the fate of being static for a long time. It should be made dynamic by incorporating more and more qualifications, skills and experience. Steady transformation should take place to climb up the career ladder in your life. You can make a point to add a significant achievement in your profession and improving your abilities every six months or a year. Participate in short term training programmes for a week or so on various topics. Many practical aspects of long experience are deliberated in such training programmes. Participate seriously, take notes and make yourself more suitable for jobs by sharpening your brain. Fill thrill ,in your career by continuous development. Give a back seat to your money and asset management and front seat for your real development.

But we forgot our precious time to spend for our reliatives, friends, our children. Our childern fill lonlyness without their parents. friend forgot to each other, so that loss their fellings. all the game of money. We think about money, then we run behind money and money make more powerful then us. Yes, we need money but, we cant run behind the money. why we cant do that money run behing us,rather than we run behing the money.

Money make all perfect but, We kindly understand our possition to our life. Also we Give a time to our childern, and wife. Todays most marrige break out through the money game because husband can not give the time to wife and their childern. Also make some marrital affiar also could happen, becuase people spend their 8-10 hours in office, and out side the home. so sometimes to be marrital affair is their.

Some of these money problem is there, but we keep our life to suceessful life, and enjoyed our life to little plesure or joyful with our family. Try to find out were the problem and solved out the problem.

1.   Gyan Mudra (Mudra of Knowledge):

Method:  Touch the tip of the thumb to the tip of the index finger, with the other three fingers stretched out.
Specialty: As it is a mudra of knowledge, it enhances the knowledge. The tip of thumb has centers of pituitary and endocrine glands. When we press these centers by index finger the two glands work actively.
Time duration: There is no particular time duration for this mudra. You can practice by sitting, standing or lying on bed whenever and wherever you have time.
Benefits:
o        Increases memory power and sharpens the brain
o        Enhances concentration and prevents Insomnia
o        If we practice it regularly, it will cure all psychologicaldisorders like Mental, Hysteria, Anger and Depression

2.   Prithvi Mudra (Mudra of Earth):

Method:  Tip of the ring finger touches the tip of the thumb, with the other three fingers stretched out.
Specialty: It reduces all physical weaknesses.
Time Duration:  It has no particular time duration. You can practice it any time you want.
Benefits:
o        It helps to increase the weight for weak people
o        It improves the complexion of skin and makes the skin to glow
o        It makes the body active by keeping it healthy
3.   Varuna Mudra (Mudra of Water):

Method:  Tip of little finger touches the tip of thumb, with the other three fingers stretched out.
Specialty:  It balances the water content and prevents all diseases which come due to lack of water.
Time Duration:  It has no specific time duration and one can practice it according to their time.
Benefits:
o        It retains clarity in blood by balancing water content in the body
o        Prevents the pains of Gastroenteritis and Muscle Shrinkage
4.   Vayu Mudra (Mudra of Air):
Method: Keep the index finger on the base of the thumb and press with thumb keeping the other three fingers straight.
Specialty: It prevents all the diseases that occur due to the imbalance of the air.
Time Duration: The practice of this mudra for 45 minutes reduces the severity of the disease in 12 to 24 hours. For better results practice it for two months.
Benefits:
o        It cures Rheumatism, Arthritis, Gout, Parkinson’s disease and paralysis without any medicine
o        It is useful for Cervical Spondilytis, paralysis to face and catching of nerve in neck
o        It corrects the disorder of gas in the stomach
5.   Shunya Mudra (Mudra of Emptiness):

Method: Keep the middle finger at the mount of Venus and press it with thumb.
Specialty:  It reduces the dullness in our body.
Time Duration:  One can practice it for 40 to 60 minutes daily until to be cured from the disease.
Benefits:
o        It relieves an earache within 4 or 5 minutes
o        It is useful for the deaf and mentally challenged, but not for inborn ones.
6.   Surya Mudra (Mudra of Sun): 

Method:  Bend the ring finger and press it with thumb.
Specialty: It sharpens the center in thyroid gland.
Time Duration:  Practice it daily twice for 5 to 15 minutes.
Benefits:
o        It reduces cholesterol in body and helps in reducing weight
o        It reduces anxiety
o        It corrects indigestion problems
7.   Prana Mudra (Mudra of Life):

Method:  Bend ring finger and little finger and touch the tip of thumb with their tips keeping the remaining two fingers stretched.
Specialty: As it is the mudra of life, it improves the power of life. Weak people become strong. It reduces the clamps in blood vessels. If we practice it regularly, we will become active.
Time Duration: No specific time duration. One can practice it any time.
Benefits:
o        It improves immunity
o        Improves the power of eyes and reduces eye related diseases
o        It removes the vitamin deficiency and fatigue
8.   Apana Mudra (Mudra of Digestion):

Method:  The tips of middle finger and ring finger touch the tip of thumb while the other two fingers are stretched out.
Specialty: It plays an important role in our health as it regulates the excretory system.
Time Duration:  Practice it daily for 45 minutes, but practice for longer time yields more benefits.
Benefits:
o        It regulates diabetes
o        It cures constipation and piles
o        It helps excreting the normal waste regularly
9.   Apana Vayu Mudra (Mudra of Heart):

Method: The tips of the middle finger and ring finger touch the tip of thumb, while the index finger touches the base of thumb and little finger stretched out.
Specialty:  It benefits the heart. It works like injection in the reduction of heart attack. It is as powerful as sorbitate tablet. It reduces the gas content in body.
Time Duration: Practice it as many times as you can. Heart patients and BP patients can practice it for 15 minutes daily twice for better results.
Benefits:
o        It strengthens the heart and regularizes palpitation
o        It regulates excretory system
o        It redeems gastric trouble
10.                       Linga Mudra (Mudra of Heat):

Method: Interlock the fingers of both the hands and keep the thumb of the left hand vertically straight and encircle it with the thumb and the index finger of the right hand..
Specialty: It generates heat in our body. Take milk, ghee, more water and fruit juices in addition to practice of this mudra for much benefits.
Time Duration: Practice it any time you want. But don’t practice it a lot as it produces heat in the body.. It can cause sweating even in winter if you practice it longer.
Benefits:
o        It stops production of phlegm and gives power to lungs
o        It cures severe cold and bronchial infection
o        It invigorates the body
 

“As human-caused biodiversity loss and climate disruption gain ground, we need to keep our sights clear and understand that the measure of a threat is not a matter of whether it is made on purpose, but of how much loss it may cause. It’s an ancient habit to go after those we perceive to be evil because they intended to do harm. It’s harder, but more effective, to “go after,” meaning to more effectively educate and socialize, those vastly larger numbers of our fellow humans who are not evil, but whose behavior may in fact be far more destructive in the long run.”  Coal emits around 1.7 times as much carbon per unit of energy when burned as does natural gas and 1.25 times as much as oil. Natural gas gives off 50% of the carbon dioxide, the principal greenhouse gas, released by coal and 25% less carbon dioxide than oil, for the same amount of energy produced. Coal contains about 80 percent more carbon per unit of energy than gas does, and oil contains about 40 percent more. For the typical U.S. household, a metric ton of carbon equals about 10,000 miles of driving at 25 miles per gallon of gasoline or about one year of home heating using a natural gas-fired furnace or about four months of electricity from coal-fired generation.

Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Cars

About 33% of U.S carbon dioxide emissions come from the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion engines of cars and light trucks. US Emissions Inventory 2006 page 8 Vehicles with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming. For example, according to the E.P.A’s 2000 Fuel Economy Guide, a new Dodge Durango sports utility vehicle that gets 12 miles per gallon in the city will emit an estimated 800 pounds of carbon dioxide over a distance of 500 city miles. In other words for each gallon of gas a vehicle consumes, 19.6 pounds of carbon dioxide are emitted into the air. A new Honda Insight that gets 61 miles to the gallon will only emit about 161 pounds of carbon dioxide over the same distance of 500 city miles. Sports utility vehicles were built for rough terrain, off road driving in mountains and deserts. When they are used for city driving, they are so much overkill to the environment. If one has to have a large vehicle for their family, station wagons are an intelligent choice for city driving, especially since their price is about half that of a sports utility. Inasmuch as SUV’s have a narrow wheel base in respect to their higher silhouette, they are four times as likely as cars to rollover in an accident.

The United States is the largest consumer of oil, using 20.4 million barrels per day. In his debate with former Defense Secretary Dick Cheney, during the 2000 Presidential campaign, Senator Joseph Lieberman said, “If we can get 3 miles more per gallon from our cars, we’ll save 1 million barrels of oil a day, which is exactly what the  Refuge at its best in Alaska would produce.”  If car manufacturers were to increase their fleets’ average gas mileage about 3 miles per gallon, this country could save a million barrels of oil every day, while US drivers would save $25 billion in fuel costs annually.  

Carbon Dioxide from Airplanes

The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that aviation causes 3.5 percent of global warming, and that the figure could rise to 15 percent by 2050. Carbon Dioxide from Buildings Buildings structure account for about 12% of carbon dioxide emissions. Methane While carbon dioxide is the principal greenhouse gas, methane is second most important. According to the IPCC, Methane is more than 20 times as effective as CO2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere. US Emissions Inventory 2004 Levels of atmospheric methane have risen 145% in the last 100 years. Methane is derived from sources such as rice paddies, bovine flatulence, bacteria in bogs and fossil fuel production. Most of the world’s rice, and all of the rice in the United States, is grown on flooded fields. When fields are flooded, anaerobic conditions develop and the organic matter in the soil decomposes, releasing CH4 to the atmosphere, primarily through the rice plants. US Emissions Inventory 2004.  Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Increasing  Water vapor is the most prevalent and most poweful greenhouse gas on the planet, but its increasing presence is the result of warming caused by carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases. Water vapor holds onto two-thirds of the heat trapped by all the greenhouse gases. As the Earth heats up relative humidity is able to increase, allowing the planet’s atmosphere to hold more water vapor, causing even more warming, thus a positive feedback scenario. Because the air is warmer, the relative humidity can be higher (in essence, the air is able to ‘hold’ more water when its warmer), leading to more water vapor in the atmosphere, says the NCDC. There is much scientific uncertainty as to the degree this feedback loop causes increased warming, inasmuch as the water vapor also causes increased cloud formation, which in turn reflects heat back out into space.

Nitrous oxide
Another greenhouse gas is Nitrous oxide (N2O), a colourless, non-flammable gas with a sweetish odour, commonly known as “laughing gas”, and sometimes used as an anaesthetic. Nitrous oxide is naturally produced by oceans and rainforests. Man-made sources of nitrous oxide include nylon and nitric acid production, the use of fertilisers in agriculture, cars with catalytic converters and the burning of organic matter. Nitrous oxide is broken down in the atmosphere by chemical reactions that involve sunlight.

Deforestation
After carbon emissions caused by humans, deforestation is the second principle cause of atmospheric carbn dioxide. Deforestation is responsible for 20-25% of all carbon emissions entering the atmosphere, by the burning and cutting of about 34 million acres of trees each year. We are losing millions of acres of rainforests each year, the equivalent in area to the size of Italy. The destroying of tropical forests alone is throwing hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. We are also losing temperate forests. The temperate forests of the world account for an absorption rate of 2 billion tons of carbon annually. In the temperate forests of Siberia alone, the earth is losing 10 million acres per year.

Permafrost is a solid structure of frozen soil, extending to depths of 2.200 feet in some areas of the arctic and subarctic regions,  containing grasses, roots, sticks, much of it dating back to 30,000 years. About 25% of the land areas of the Northern Hemisphere hold permafrost, which is defined as soil whose temperature has been 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius) for a period of at least 2 years. Permafrost is under 85% of Alaska land surface and much of Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia and holds about 14 per cent of the world’s carbon. The hard permafrost on which is built homes and other buildings, can, with rising temperatures, turn into a soft material causing subsidence and damage to buildings, electric generating stations, pipelines and other structures. Ground instability would cause erosion, affect terrain, slopes, roads, foundations and more. Svein Tveitdal, Managing Director of the Global Resource Information Database (GRID) in Arendal, Norway, a UNEP environmental information center monitoring the thawing of permafrost, told a meeting at the 21st session of the United Nation’s Governing Council in Nairobi, Kenya on February 7, 2001: “Permafrost has acted as a carbon sink, locking away carbon and other greenhouse gases like methane, for thousands of year. But there is now evidence that this is no longer the case, and the permafrost in some areas is starting to give back its carbon. This could accelerate the greenhouse effect.” 

In a December, 2005 study climate models at National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) show that climate change may thaw the permafrost located in the top 10 feet of  permafrost, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. “People have used models to study permafrost before, but not within a fully interactive climate system model,” says NCAR’s David Lawrence, the lead author. The coauthor is Andrew Slater of the University of Colorado’s National Snow and Ice Data Center. “Thawing permafrost could send considerable amounts of water to the oceans,” says Slater, who notes that runoff to the Arctic has increased about 7 percent since the 1930s. According to the NCAR press release (December 19, 2005) permafrost may contain 30% of all the carbon found in soil worldwide. In areas to a depth of 11.2 feet climate models (assuming business as usual scenarios) show permafrost presently in an area of  4,000,000 square miles shrinking to 1,000,000 square miles by 2050 and 400,000 square miles by 2100. With a scenario of low emissions (assuming a high degree use of alternative energy sources and conservation) permafrost is still expected to shrink to 1.5 million miles by 2100………In a USA Today (December 26, 2005) interview David Lawrence says, “If that much near-surface permafrost thaws, it could release considerable amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and that could amplify global warming,” …..”We could be underestimating the rate of global temperature increase.”

In a study reported in the journal Science June 16, 2006 researchers say that thawing permafrost may add to the buildup in atmospheric greenhouse gases significantly, stating that present climate models do not include releases of Siberian carbon dioxide from permafrost. Dr. Ted Schuur of the University of Florida traveled to Siberia and secured samples of permafrost soil up to 10 feet in length, maintaining it in a frozen state until arriving back in his laboratory, where the thawing soil was attacked by microbes, releasing carbon dioxide in the process. The frightening scenario that scientists, Sergey A. Zimov of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ted Schuur and Stuart Chapin III of the University of Alaska, paint is one of hundreds of billions of tons of greenhouse gases entering an already destabilized atmosphere this century, spurring yet more warming in a positive feedback syndrome. Extend this scenario to Alaska, Canada and Scandinavia, where permafrost underlies much of these regions and there’s no other way to describe it. We’re in trouble.

Tundra
A name very suited to the environs of the arctic and subarctic, tundra means ‘treeless plain’ in Finnish. The tundra is a biome (a major segment of a particular region having distinctive vegetation, animals and microorganisms adapted to a unique climate), home to about 1700 kinds of plants, including shrubs, mosses, grasses, lichens and 400 kinds of flowers.

About 50 billion tons of carbon are estimated to be held in a frozen state in the tundra, and now the tundra is beginning to become a source of carbon dioxide. In the 1970′s University of California biologist Walter Oechel studied carbon dioxide emissions in the tundra, which until this time had been thought of as a carbon sink. Doing further tests in the 1980′s, Oechel discovered that this was no longer the case, that warming temperatures had changed the tundra to a net emitter of carbon dioxide. Says Oechel, ” We found to our great surprise that the tundra was already losing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. So that by the start of these experiments, which was in 1982, the tundra had already warmed and dried enough, that its historic role as a carbon sink had reversed and changed. It was now losing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. That was totally unexpected.”